Global Journal of Sociology and Anthropology
Global Journal of Sociology and Anthropology (GJSA), ISSN 2756-3456 is an Unpaid Open Access, Fully Refereed and Peer Reviewed International Journal. Notably, it is a Referred, Highly Indexed, Online International Journal . GJSA is published as a Monthly Journal with 12 issues per year. We also host International and National Conferences to publish their research work. GJSA covers all disciplines including Arts, Science, Commerce, Social-Sciences, Management and Engineering. GJSA always strives to be a platform for Academicians, new Researchers, Authors, Engineers, Technocrats and Engineering Scholars. Since inception, GJSA is continuously publishing original and best quality research articles. The Journal was under International Scholars Journal (ISJ PUBLISHING COMPANY) Till December 2024.
छात्र-शिक्षकों में सामाजिक परिपक्वता एवं नैतिक निर्णय का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
प्रस्तुत अध्ययन झारखंड के हजारीबाग जिले के बी.एड. छात्र-शिक्षकों में सामाजिक परिपक्वता एवं नैतिक निर्णय के स्तर का विश्लेषण तथा इन दोनों चरों के मध्य संबंध की जांच करने हेतु किया गया। शिक्षकों का व्यवहार छात्रों के नैतिक विकास को सीधे प्रभावित करता है, अतः उनकी परिपक्वता का मूल्यांकन शैक्षिक गुणवत्ता के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है। अध्ययन का प्रमुख उद्देश्य लिंग (पुरुष/महिला) तथा निवास स्थान (ग्रामीण/शहरी) के आधार पर इन दोनों चरों में अंतर का परीक्षण करना था। शोध हेतु वर्णनात्मक सर्वेक्षण विधि अपनाई गई, जिसमें हजारीबाग जिले के बी.एड. महाविद्यालयों से स्तरीकृत यादृच्छिक प्रतिचयन द्वारा 320 छात्र-शिक्षकों (160 पुरुष, 160 महिला) का चयन किया गया। नलिनी राव की सामाजिक परिपक्वता मापनी तथा नैतिक निर्णय परीक्षण मापनी का उपयोग किया गया। आंकड़ों के विश्लेषण हेतु माध्य, मानक विचलन, टी-परीक्षण तथा कार्ल पियर्सन सहसंबंध गुणांक का प्रयोग किया गया। परिणामों से ज्ञात हुआ कि छात्र-शिक्षकों की सामाजिक परिपक्वता और नैतिक निर्णय के मध्य धनात्मक सार्थक सहसंबंध (r=0.42, p<0.01) पाया गया। महिला छात्र-शिक्षक पुरुषों की तुलना में दोनों चरों में बेहतर पाई गईं। शहरी छात्र-शिक्षकों ने ग्रामीण से अधिक स्कोर प्राप्त किए। यह अध्ययन शिक्षक-शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों में नैतिक मूल्यों एवं सामाजिक कौशल विकास हेतु पाठ्यक्रम सुधार की आवश्यकता पर बल देता है।
सामाजिक परिपक्वता, नैतिक निर्णय, छात्र-शिक्षक, हजारीबाग, बी.एड.
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Smart Classroom Assist: AI-Powered Automation for Attendance, Note Generation, and Learning Support
Education systems across the world are rapidly evolving with the integration of digital technologies; however, traditional classroom environments still depend heavily on manual processes such as attendance tracking, note-taking, and student–teacher interactions. These processes are time-consuming, prone to errors, and lack scalability. This paper presents Smart Classroom Assist, an AI-driven system designed to automate classroom operations and enhance learning experiences through intelligent analytics and real-time assistance. The proposed system integrates YOLOv11-based object detection for automated attendance, Tesseract OCR for extracting classroom board content, and HuggingFace-based Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating summaries and answering student queries. A Flutter-based cross-platform application ensures accessibility, while Supabase provides a scalable backend infrastructure. The system was evaluated in real classroom environments and achieved 92–95% accuracy in attendance detection and 85–90% accuracy in OCR extraction, along with high-quality AI-generated responses. The results demonstrate significant improvements in efficiency, reduced manual workload, and enhanced student engagement. This research highlights the potential of integrating AI technologies to develop intelligent and scalable educational systems.
Mr. Abdul Samad Yaqoob, Mr. Syed Shafaq Hussain, Mr. Mohammed Imran Sharif, Mr. Mohammed Afraaz Quraishi
An Empirical Investigation into Secondary Students' Attitudes Toward ICT in Education in Alipurduar, West Bengal
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has emerged as a transformative force in contemporary education, reshaping pedagogy and learning outcomes globally. This study empirically investigates the attitudes of secondary school students toward ICT in education in Alipurduar district, West Bengal, India a geographically and socioeconomically marginalized northern border district with a predominantly tribal and tea-garden community demography. The study adopted a descriptive survey design involving 240 students (Classes IX–X) selected through stratified random sampling from six secondary schools across government and private management categories. A validated 30-item five-point Likert-type attitude scale measuring cognitive, affective, and behavioural dimensions was administered during the 2020–21 academic session. The study hypothesized that gender and school management type do not significantly influence students' ICT attitudes. Results revealed that 76.67% of respondents held a favourable attitude toward ICT. A statistically significant difference was found between government and private school students (t=3.84, p<0.05), while gender differences were non-significant (t=1.42, p>0.05). Barriers including infrastructural deficiency and limited internet access were prominently self-reported. The study concludes that equitable ICT policy and targeted investment are critical for educationally underserved districts.
ICT attitudes, secondary students, digital divide, West Bengal, educational technology
Detecting Digital Harassment : The Bullynet Approach To Cyberbully Identification (Nlp)
The rapid growth of digital communication platforms has transformed how people interact, but it has also led to an increase in cyberbullying and online harassment, creating significant challenges for users, especially adolescents and young adults. While existing moderation systems attempt to address this issue, their effectiveness remains limited due to reliance on manual reporting and keyword-based filtering, which fail to capture contextual meaning and evolving slang. This paper presents BullyNet, a system that detects cyberbullying in textual data using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. It combines transformer-based models such as BERT with sentiment analysis and hybrid classification to improve detection accuracy. The system processes user -generated content, identifies harmful intent, and classifies abusive language while reducing false positives. Evaluated for accuracy and efficiency using datasets from platforms like Twitter and YouTube, the system shows promise as an effective tool to enhance online safety and promote healthier digital communication environments.
Ms. Anjali Kumari, Mr. Mohammed Aqib Ali,Mr. Syed Abdul Jabbar
Disaster Management in India: A Geographical Analysis of Vulnerability, Policy Framework, and Regional Patterns
India is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, facing a wide spectrum of natural hazards including floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, and landslides. This paper presents a geographical analysis of disaster occurrences in India from 2000 to 2020, examining spatial distribution, frequency patterns, affected population, economic losses, and the evolution of disaster management policy. Using secondary data sourced from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), EM-DAT International Disaster Database, Census of India, and peer-reviewed literature published before 2021, this study employs descriptive statistical analysis and visual representation through tables and charts to highlight regional vulnerability patterns. Findings indicate that floods are the most frequent and devastating disaster type, disproportionately affecting states such as Assam, Bihar, and Odisha. Economic losses from disasters increased nearly six-fold between the 1980s and 2010–2020. The Disaster Management Act, 2005 and the National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009 represent landmark legislative milestones, yet implementation gaps remain. This paper recommends strengthening community-based early warning systems and integrating disaster risk reduction into regional planning.
Disaster Management, India, Natural Hazards, Vulnerability, NDMA, Disaster Risk Reduction.
Environmental Sociology And The Effects Of Environmental Hazards On Women And Their Health
Environmental hazards including droughts, floods, heatwaves, air pollution, and inadequate sanitation disproportionately endanger women's physical and mental health, particularly in developing nations like India. This study, grounded in environmental sociology, examines the gendered dimensions of environmental risk by investigating how structural inequalities amplify women's biological and social vulnerabilities to ecological threats. The primary objectives are to document the differential health burden borne by women during environmental hazard events and to identify the socio-structural determinants driving this disparity. A systematic secondary data analysis design was adopted, drawing from established national and international databases including NFHS-5, WHO, IPCC, and peer- reviewed literature published between 2018 and 2025. The hypothesis posits that women in environmentally stressed regions experience statistically higher rates of adverse health outcomes than men due to intersecting gender-based inequalities. Results confirm significant disparities in maternal mortality, reproductive health, vector-borne disease vulnerability, mental health disorders, and sanitation-related illness. Discussion reveals that patriarchal institutional frameworks, limited resource access, and caregiving burdens structurally expose women to compounded hazard risk. The study concludes that gender-responsive environmental and public health policies are urgently needed.
Environmental hazards, women's health, environmental sociology, gender disparity, climate vulnerability
कार्यस्थल पर यौन उत्पीड़न का समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण
भारत में कार्यस्थल पर यौन उत्पीड़न एक गंभीर सामाजिक समस्या है जो महिलाओं की आर्थिक भागीदारी और मानवीय गरिमा को प्रत्यक्ष रूप से प्रभावित करती है। यह शोध 2014 से 2021 के बीच कार्यस्थलीय यौन उत्पीड़न की प्रवृत्तियों, कारणों और सामाजिक प्रभावों का समाजशास्त्रीय दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करता है। शोध में द्वितीयक आँकड़ों का उपयोग किया गया है जिनमें राष्ट्रीय अपराध रिकॉर्ड ब्यूरो (NCRB), राष्ट्रीय महिला आयोग (NCW) और POSH अधिनियम 2013 के अंतर्गत प्रकाशित वार्षिक रिपोर्टें सम्मिलित हैं। शोध की परिकल्पना यह है कि सामाजिक असमानता, शक्ति संरचना और विधिक जागरूकता का अभाव कार्यस्थल पर यौन उत्पीड़न के प्रमुख कारण हैं। परिणाम दर्शाते हैं कि POSH अधिनियम लागू होने के पश्चात् शिकायतों में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि हुई 2013-14 में 161 से बढ़कर 2019-20 में 961 शिकायतें दर्ज हुईं। IT और BFSI क्षेत्र में सर्वाधिक मामले पाए गए। COVID-19 महामारी के दौरान 2020-21 में शिकायतें घटकर 586 हो गईं। यह शोध नीति-निर्माताओं और संगठनों के लिए महत्वपूर्ण सुझाव प्रस्तुत करता है।
यौन उत्पीड़न, POSH अधिनियम, कार्यस्थल, लैंगिक असमानता, समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण
Fear Of Missing Out (FOMO) As A Predictor Of Smartphone Addiction Among School Students
The excessive use of smartphones among adolescents has transmuted patterns of communication, learning, and social interaction. While smartphones provide numerous advantages, excessive usage has led to behavioural concerns such as smartphone addiction. One psychological factor that has gained attention in recent years is the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO), defined as a pervasive anxiety that others may be experiencing rewarding events without one's participation. Adolescents, who are particularly sensitive to peer interaction and social belonging, may frequently engage with smartphones to remain updated with social activities. The present study investigates whether FOMO predicts smartphone addiction among school students. A quantitative research design was adopted using a structured questionnaire administered to secondary school students. Standardized scales measuring FOMO and smartphone addiction were used for data collection. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were applied to examine the relationship between the variables. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship between FOMO and smartphone addiction. Students with higher levels of FOMO tend to demonstrate stronger tendencies toward compulsive smartphone usage. The study highlights the importance of understanding psychological motivations behind excessive smartphone engagement and suggests that educational interventions focusing on digital well-being may help reduce problematic technology use among adolescents.
Fear of Missing Out, Smartphone Addiction, Adolescents, Social Media Behavior, Digital Psychology
मधुबनी ज़िले में राजनीतिक जागरूकता, चुनावी सहभागिता और लोकतांत्रिक संलग्नता का मूल्यांकन
मधुबनी ज़िला, बिहार के मिथिलांचल में स्थित एक ग्रामीण-बहुल जनपद है जहाँ 2011 जनगणना के अनुसार 44,87,379 की जनसंख्या निवास करती है। इस शोध का उद्देश्य मधुबनी में राजनीतिक जागरूकता के स्तर, चुनावी सहभागिता की प्रवृत्तियों और लोकतांत्रिक संलग्नता को प्रभावित करने वाले कारकों का मूल्यांकन करना है। अध्ययन 2009 से 2023 की अवधि के निर्वाचन आयोग के द्वितीयक आँकड़ों, जनगणना 2011 तथा Lokniti-CSDS सर्वेक्षण रिपोर्टों पर आधारित है। परिकल्पना यह है कि साक्षरता दर, जाति-आधारित एकजुटता एवं महिला सशक्तिकरण नीतियाँ मतदान प्रतिशत को सकारात्मक रूप से प्रभावित करती हैं। परिणाम दर्शाते हैं कि 2019 लोकसभा चुनाव में मधुबनी में 53.7% और 2020 विधानसभा चुनाव में 54.13% मतदान रहा, जो बिहार के राज्य औसत 57.05% से कुछ कम है। महिला मतदाताओं की भागीदारी में धीरे-धीरे सुधार हुआ है, परंतु 46.16% की निम्न महिला साक्षरता दर राजनीतिक जागरूकता में एक प्रमुख बाधा बनी हुई है। निष्कर्षतः, मधुबनी में लोकतांत्रिक संलग्नता मध्यम स्तर की है और लक्षित साक्षरता तथा जागरूकता कार्यक्रमों से इसे और प्रभावी बनाया जा सकता है।
राजनीतिक जागरूकता, चुनावी सहभागिता, मतदान प्रतिशत, लोकतांत्रिक संलग्नता, मधुबनी ज़िला
Role Of Legal Literacy Programs In Promoting Social Justice
Legal literacy the fundamental capacity of citizens to understand and exercise their legal rights remains critically deficient among India's marginalized communities, creating a structural barrier to social justice. Despite an extensive legislative framework including the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, and active institutional mechanisms such as NALSA, the persistent gap between legal entitlements and their ground-level realization reflects deep-rooted legal illiteracy, especially among Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, women, and rural populations. This study examines the role of legal literacy programs in promoting social justice in India, with specific objectives of analyzing program effectiveness, assessing community impact, identifying structural challenges, and exploring empowerment outcomes for marginalized groups. A descriptive-analytical research design was employed, combining primary survey data collected from 150 respondents across rural and semi-urban areas of Chhattisgarh with secondary data from government reports, NALSA statistics, and published academic research. Findings indicate that legal literacy programs significantly improve awareness of fundamental rights, enhance access to justice mechanisms, and reduce exploitation among beneficiaries. However, inadequate funding, language barriers, low participation, and uneven geographic reach continue to limit program impact. The study concludes that a strengthened, technology-integrated, and institutionally coordinated legal literacy framework is essential for translating India's constitutional promise of social justice into substantive reality. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/03.2026-86759912
Legal Literacy, Social Justice, Access to Justice, NALSA, Legal Empowerment, Marginalized Communities, Legal Awareness Programs
Effectiveness of Family Counselling in Reducing Domestic Stress and Improving Family Cohesion: A Comparative Study of Structural, Systemic and Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy Models
Rapid social transformation, economic pressures, and evolving family structures have significantly influenced the functioning of modern families. These changes have increased the occurrence of domestic stress, interpersonal conflicts, and communication breakdown within households. Persistent stress within family relationships often results in emotional distress, weakened relational bonds, and reduced family cohesion. Family counselling has emerged as an effective intervention aimed at improving communication patterns, resolving conflicts, and strengthening emotional connections among family members. This research investigates the effectiveness of three major therapeutic models—Structural Family Therapy, Systemic Family Therapy, and Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapy—in reducing domestic stress and improving family cohesion. The study adopts a comparative analytical approach to evaluate the influence of counselling interventions on family functioning, emotional bonding, and conflict resolution mechanisms. Data were analyzed using conceptual and comparative research methods based on established indicators such as emotional regulation, communication improvement, problem-solving ability, psychological relief, and mutual support. The results demonstrate that structured counselling interventions significantly reduce domestic stress and strengthen family cohesion by enhancing communication skills, improving emotional regulation, and fostering collaborative problem-solving among family members. Among the therapy models studied, systemic and cognitive-behavioral approaches demonstrate strong effectiveness in improving communication patterns and emotional stability within families. The findings highlight the importance of integrating therapeutic approaches in family counselling practice and provide practical insights for counsellors, psychologists, and social workers seeking to improve relational outcomes in families experiencing conflict and stress.
Family Counselling, Domestic Stress, Family Cohesion, Structural Family Therapy, Systemic Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Communication Patterns, Emotional Regulation
A Critical Study of Environmental Literacy, Genetic Alteration, and Sustainable Population Learning
The present analytical study critically examines the interconnected dimensions of environmental literacy, genetic alteration awareness, and sustainable population learning within the contemporary educational and socio-scientific landscape. The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the prevailing levels of environmental literacy among diverse population groups, to assess public understanding and perception of genetic alteration technologies, and to investigate the role of sustainable development education in shaping population -level learning outcomes. The study employs a descriptive-analytical research design utilizing secondary data sourced from authenticated governmental databases, international organizational reports, and peer-reviewed empirical studies published up to 2019. The hypothesis posits that higher environmental literacy correlates positively with informed perceptions of genetic alteration and greater engagement in sustainable learning practices. Results indicate that environmental literacy levels remain moderate across global populations, with approximately 61.5% overall awareness reported among college-level students (Shri & Tiwari, 2021), while genetic testing awareness stood at 57% among the American population (Roberts et al., 2017). Discussion reveals significant gaps in integrating these three domains within educational curricula. The study concludes that a synergistic pedagogical approach connecting environmental literacy, genetic alteration education, and sustainable development learning is essential for building scientifically informed and ecologically responsible citizenry.
Environmental Literacy, Genetic Alteration, Sustainable Population Learning, Education for Sustainable Development, Ecological Awareness
The Evolution of Secularism in India: Constitutional Ideals and Political Challenges
India, the world's largest democracy, adopted a unique model of secularism that distinguishes it from Western secular traditions. This paper examines the evolution of secularism in India from its constitutional inception to the contemporary political landscape up to 2023. The objective of this study is twofold: first, to analyze the constitutional framework that establishes and protects secular principles in India; and second, to critically evaluate the political challenges that have tested these ideals over the decades. The methodology employed is doctrinal and analytical, relying on constitutional provisions, landmark judicial pronouncements of the Supreme Court of India, legislative enactments, and authoritative secondary sources. The results and discussion reveal that while the Indian Constitution provides a robust framework for secularism through fundamental rights and directive principles, the practical implementation has been consistently challenged by communal politics, majoritarian tendencies, and identity-based mobilization. The conclusion drawn is that Indian secularism requires continuous judicial vigilance, constitutional fidelity, and informed citizenry to withstand the pressures of political expediency and preserve its pluralistic character.
Secularism, Indian Constitution, Fundamental Rights, Judicial Interpretation, Communal Politics.
Poverty Alleviation through Social Welfare Schemes: Evidence from India
India’s poverty reduction story over the last two decades is increasingly explained not only by growth, but also by the scale and design of social welfare schemes that address multiple deprivations—food insecurity, inadequate housing, low human capital, weak livelihoods, and vulnerability to shocks. This paper assesses poverty alleviation through major welfare interventions in India using (i) national multidimensional poverty evidence, and (ii) scheme output indicators from flagship programs such as the National Food Security Act (NFSA) framework (including large-scale food support), MGNREGA, PMAY-G, and DAY-NRLM. Evidence from India’s National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) shows a sharp decline in multidimensional poverty headcount ratio from 24.85% (2015–16) to 14.96% (2019–21), with projections suggesting 11.28% by 2022–23; an estimated 24.82 crore people exited multidimensional poverty between 2013–14 and 2022–23. The paper explains the economic pathways through which welfare schemes reduce poverty—consumption smoothing, risk protection, asset creation, and improved access to services—while identifying implementation challenges (targeting, portability, payment delays, and quality of assets). The study concludes that India’s welfare architecture has played a material role in lowering multidimensional deprivation, but future gains depend on improved governance, convergence, and outcome-based monitoring.
Poverty alleviation, social welfare schemes, India, multidimensional poverty, NFSA, MGNREGA, PMAY-G, DAY-NRLM, inclusive development.
Interplay of Caste Structure and Voting Patterns in Madhubani District of Bihar
The present study examines the intricate relationship between caste structure and voting patterns in Madhubani district of Bihar, a region deeply embedded in the Mithila cultural landscape where caste identities have historically shaped electoral outcomes. The primary objectives of this research are to analyze caste-wise demographic composition of Madhubani and its influence on electoral behavior, and to assess party-wise voting trends across assembly constituencies from 2010 to 2020. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical research design employing secondary data from the Census of India 2011 and the Election Commission of India. The hypothesis posits that caste composition significantly determines party preferences and candidate selection in Madhubani district. Results reveal that numerically dominant caste groups such as Yadavs, Brahmins, and Extremely Backward Classes (EBCs) exhibit distinct party affiliations, with RJD consistently securing OBC-Muslim consolidation while JD(U) and BJP garnered support from upper castes and EBCs. Voter turnout data across three election cycles demonstrates that constituencies with higher SC populations showed different partisan leanings compared to upper-caste dominated areas. The study concludes that despite emerging developmental narratives, caste remains the primary determinant of electoral choice in Madhubani, though inter-caste coalition building has introduced incremental shifts in traditional voting blocs.
: Caste Structure, Voting Patterns, Madhubani, Electoral Behavior, Bihar Assembly Elections
Representation Of Women In Marathi Short Stories (1950–2025)
This study examines the literary representation of women in Marathi short stories spanning seven decades from 1950 to 2025, analyzing the evolution of female characterization, narrative techniques, and thematic concerns through feminist literary criticism. The research explores how women characters have been portrayed by both male and female authors, investigating the shift from traditional stereotypes to complex, multidimensional representations. Through close textual analysis of representative short stories across different periods, this paper identifies three distinct literary phases: the conservative portrayal period (1950-1975) characterized by idealized domesticity, the feminist awakening period (1976-2000) marked by resistance narratives, and the contemporary intersectional period (2001-2025) featuring diverse women's voices. The analysis reveals significant transformation in narrative perspectives, characterization depth, symbolic representations, and thematic exploration. Key findings demonstrate evolution from passive, suffering female characters to autonomous protagonists who challenge patriarchal structures. The study employs feminist literary theory to decode gendered power dynamics embedded in narrative structures and examines how women writers have subverted male literary traditions to create alternative imaginative spaces. This research contributes to understanding Marathi literature's role in articulating women's experiences and advancing feminist consciousness in Maharashtra.
Marathi short fiction, feminist literary criticism, women's characterization, narrative analysis, gender representation
Democratic Participation of Youth in India: Challenges and Contributions to Policy Making
This paper examines the democratic participation of youth in India, analysing the structural challenges that impede their political engagement and evaluating their contributions to national policy making. India's youth population, comprising approximately 27.3 percent of the total population in the 15–29 age bracket, represents a demographically significant force; however, voter registration among the youngest cohort (18–19 years) remains critically low at approximately 29.49 percent. The study employs a secondary data-based descriptive methodology, drawing upon data from the Election Commission of India, Lokniti-CSDS National Election Studies, the World Bank, and the International Labour Organisation. Findings reveal persistent disparities in youth voter turnout, limited representation in legislative bodies, and a growing but uneven role of digital platforms in political mobilisation. The paper concludes that sustained institutional reforms, inclusive civic education, and structured youth advisory mechanisms are essential to translating India's demographic dividend into meaningful democratic participation.
Youth political participation, democratic engagement, policy making, voter turnout, India
The Wellbeing Recipe: A Comprehensive Framework For Enhancing Life Satisfaction And Happiness Through Multidimensional Interventions
This study explores the multidimensional nature of wellbeing through the comprehensive framework of "The Wellbeing Recipe," which integrates eight distinct pillars: physical health, cognitive patterns, emotional regulation, transcendence, social connections, professional fulfillment, financial literacy, and technological balance. The research examines the hypothesis that holistic wellbeing emerges from the synergistic integration of these dimensions rather than isolated improvements in any single domain. A cross-sectional survey methodology was employed with 495 participants aged 18-65 years across urban and rural settings in India. Results demonstrate strong positive correlations between multidimensional wellbeing practices and overall life satisfaction scores. The Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) scores averaged 80.06, significantly higher than Asian norms. Physical health emerged as the primary happiness determinant (50%), followed by relationships (42%), and professional satisfaction (38%). Statistical analyses reveal that integrated approaches incorporating multiple wellbeing dimensions yield superior outcomes compared to single-domain interventions. The study validates the 4A model (Learning, Attitude, Soul, Action) as an effective framework for sustainable wellbeing enhancement. Findings underscore the critical importance of addressing wellbeing holistically, with implications for individual development, organizational culture, and public health policy in the Indian context.
Wellbeing, Happiness, Life Satisfaction, Multidimensional Health, Positive Psychology
The Life After Death, A Journey Into Shadow Realm
This research investigates the phenomenon of life after death through interdisciplinary examination of near-death experiences, consciousness studies, and cross-cultural afterlife beliefs. Near-death experiences represent profound episodes of enhanced consciousness occurring during clinical death, characterized by prototypical features including out-of-body experiences, tunnel phenomena, encounters with deceased entities, and life reviews. The study examined 344 cardiac arrest survivors across ten Dutch hospitals, analyzing prevalence rates, phenomenological characteristics, and associated factors of near-death experiences. Findings reveal that 18% of cardiac arrest survivors report near-death experiences, with 12% describing core experiences. Cross-cultural analysis demonstrates both universal elements and culturally-specific interpretations of afterlife experiences. Results indicate that occurrence of near-death experiences is not associated with duration of cardiac arrest, medication, or physiological factors, challenging conventional materialist explanations. The research contributes to understanding consciousness continuity beyond physical death, with implications for thanatology, neuroscience, psychology, and spiritual studies. This investigation bridges empirical observation with metaphysical inquiry, advancing discourse on human consciousness and existence beyond corporeal limits.
Near-Death Experiences, Consciousness Survival, Afterlife Beliefs, Cardiac Arrest, Shadow Realm.
Impact Of Private Universities On The Evolution Of Higher Education
The Indian higher education landscape has undergone substantial transformation since economic liberalization in 1991, with private universities emerging as pivotal contributors to educational expansion. This study examines the impact of private universities on India's higher education evolution from 2010-2022. The research employed a mixed-method approach, analyzing secondary data from AISHE reports, UGC databases, and empirical surveys. The hypothesis posited that private universities significantly enhanced access, diversity, and innovation in higher education. Results revealed that private universities grew from 123 in 2010-11 to 430 by 2021-22, contributing 26.3% of total enrollment. Despite concerns regarding quality and equity, private institutions demonstrated substantial infrastructure development, technology integration, and employment-focused curriculum design. The study concludes that private universities substantially influenced higher education democratization, though regulatory frameworks require strengthening to ensure quality maintenance and equitable access for marginalized communities.
Private universities, Higher education evolution, Access and equity, Educational quality, India
Student Attendance System Using Face Recognition
Manually recording attendance in educational institutions takes a lot of time and is prone to mistakes. This project showcases a Python-based face recognition-based automated student attendance system. To detect and identify students' faces with high accuracy, the system makes use of the face-recognition library and OpenCV for real- time image capture. The system automatically logs attendance in a CSV/Excel file with the student's name, date, and time after successful identification. In addition to ensuring safe and effective attendance management, the suggested solution increases accuracy and decreases human labor. A database or web-based interface can be added to expand it further for widespread use in smart classrooms. It involves capturing images through web cam then it trains the image and marks the attendance in dashboard.
This project develops an AI-Assisted Search For Missing Children. It addresses the limitations of manual photo comparison by using computer vision technology for rapid identification. The system processes facial features through Python and OpenCV, comparing uploaded images against a missing children database. A web interface allows easy photo submission and searching via webcam or file upload. The AI engine provides instant matching results with accuracy scores, significantly reducing search time and human error. This solution offers law enforcement and families an efficient tool to accelerate reunification efforts, operating continuously with consistent precision in critical missing person cases.
Optimization-Driven and Generative-Assisted Adaptive Artificial Intelligence Systems: A Detailed Review of Methods, Architectures, and Governance
Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are being instituted in dynamic, uncertain, and safety-critical systems like financial analytics, healthcare allotment, intelligent traffic, cybersecurity and cyber-physical infrastructures. In these directions, traditional machine learning models with fixed training and accuracy-focused goals tend to fail in supporting performance in changing data distributions, rare events, and uncertainty and adversarial cases. To address these drawbacks, more advanced studies have highlighted optimization based-learning, generative-assisted models as well as adaptive AI designs that can evolve continuously, but can be reliable and ethical. The following review provides a synthesis of the state of optimization-enhancement and generative-assistance AI frameworks intended to work on the increase of the robustness, flexibility, and stability of the decisions taken. The paper focuses on anomaly-conscious learning pipelines, evolutionary and heuristic optimization methods, generative data enhancement and stress testing, adaptive signal processing, and governance conscious computer-aided intelligence. The applications in the fields of finance, health care, intelligent networks, and cyber-physical systems are surveyed in order to find common design principles and research issues. The end of the review is the projection of the future swinging on scalable, self-adaptive and ethically controlled AI systems. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/01.2026-73665134
Adaptive Artificial Intelligence; Optimization-Driven Learning; Generative AI; Robust Machine Learning; Intelligent Systems; Ethical AI Governance
Psychological Trauma of Terrorism and Armed Conflict In Jammu And Kashmir: A Comprehensive Analysis
The protracted conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has resulted in widespread psychological trauma affecting civilian populations across multiple generations. This study examines the mental health consequences of terrorism and armed conflict on Kashmiri residents, with particular focus on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. The research hypothesizes that prolonged exposure to conflict-related violence significantly correlates with elevated rates of psychiatric morbidity among the population. A mixed-methods approach incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative narrative analysis was employed to assess trauma prevalence and manifestations. Data reveal that 41% of the adult population exhibits depressive symptoms, 26% shows anxiety symptoms, and 19% demonstrates PTSD symptoms, with over 70,000 casualties since 1989. Findings indicate that collective trauma has permeated daily life, affecting social cohesion, family dynamics, and community resilience. Women, youth, and conflict-exposed individuals demonstrate significantly higher vulnerability. The study underscores urgent need for culturally appropriate, decentralized mental health interventions and trauma-informed care systems tailored to Kashmir's unique socio-political context to address this unprecedented psychological crisis.
terrorism trauma, Jammu Kashmir conflict, post-traumatic stress disorder, collective trauma, mental health crisis
A Comparative Study of Achievement Motivation and Self-Esteem among Archers with Reference to Gender and Category of Archery
Psychological characteristics of athletes significantly influence sports performance, particularly in precision sports such as archery. This comparative study examined achievement motivation and self-esteem among archers with respect to gender (male and female) and category of archery (recurve and compound). A sample of 200 competitive archers (100 males and 100 females) with minimum two years of competitive experience participated in this study, with equal representation from both recurve and compound categories. Achievement motivation was assessed using the Sports Achievement Motivation Test (Kamlesh), and self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Descriptive statistics and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed for data analysis. Results revealed no significant differences in achievement motivation based on gender (F = 0.000, p = .987), category of archery (F = 0.022, p = .881), or their interaction (F = 0.062, p = .803). However, a statistically significant gender difference was found in self-esteem (F = 166.575, p < .001), with male archers demonstrating higher self-esteem (M = 35.99, SD = 2.38) than female archers (M = 30.97, SD = 3.06). No significant differences were observed for self-esteem based on category of archery (F = 0.169, p = .681) or interaction effects (F = 0.003, p = .959). These findings suggest that while male and female archers are equally motivated to achieve success, male archers possess significantly higher self-esteem. The study highlights the importance of implementing targeted psychological support programs and interventions aimed at enhancing self-esteem among female archers, potentially improving their confidence and competitive performance.
achievement motivation, self-esteem, gender differences, archery, precision sports, sports psychology, competitive athletes
An Optimized Deep Learning Framework For Brain Tumor Detection And Classification Using Image Processing in Medical Health Society
Now a day’s tumor is second leading cause of cancer. Due to cancer large no of patients are in danger. The medical field needs fast, automated, efficient and reliable technique to detect tumor like brain tumor. Detection plays very important role in treatment. If proper detection of tumor is possible then doctors keep a patient out of danger. Various image processing techniques are used in this application. Using this application doctors provide proper treatment and save a number of tumor patients. A tumor is nothing but excess cells growing in an uncontrolled manner. Brain tumor cells grow in a way that they eventually take up all the nutrients meant for the healthy cells and tissues, which results in brain failure. Currently, doctors locate the position and the area of brain tumor by looking at the MR Images of the brain of the patient manually. This results in inaccurate detection of the tumor and is considered very time consuming. A tumor is a mass of tissue it grows out of control. We can use a Deep Learning architectures CNN (Convolution Neural Network) generally known as NN (Neural Network) and VGG 16(visual geometry group) Transfer learning for detect the brain tumor. The performance of model is to predict image tumor is present or not in image. If the tumor present it returns yes otherwise returns no. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2025-65799365
Brain Tumor Detection, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), VGG16, Transfer Learning, Medical Image Processing, Automated Tumor Detection, Binary Classification, Neural Networks, Feature Extraction, Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD), Healthcare Analytics, Tumor Segmentation, Image Classification, Early Tumor Diagnosis, Clinical Decision Support System, Machine Learning in Healthcare, Digital Medical Imaging, Artificial Intelligence in Radiology.
A Comparative Study of Reproductive Health Beliefs and Practices among Adolescent Married Girls of Birhor and Kolha Tribes in Oupada Block, Balasore District
Comparative understanding of reproductive health beliefs and practices between different tribal groups is essential for developing targeted, culturally-appropriate health interventions. This descriptive comparative survey assessed reproductive health beliefs and practices among 100 adolescent married girls (50 Birhor, 50 Kolha) in Oupada Block, Balasore District, Odisha. Using purposive sampling and structured interview questionnaires, data were collected on menstrual hygiene, sexual behavior, and nutritional domains. The hypothesis tested whether Birhor primitive tribal group demonstrates more traditional beliefs and inadequate practices compared to Kolha tribe. Results revealed significant inter-tribal differences: menstrual beliefs showed 100% Birhors versus 70% Kolhas believing menstruation is God's gift; practices demonstrated 100% Birhors using only undergarments versus 88% Kolhas using old cloth during menstruation. Sexual behavior comparisons showed 100% Birhors versus 84% Kolhas believing pre-15 pregnancy is safe; contraceptive use was 0% among Birhors versus 70% Kolhas. Nutritional comparisons revealed 90% Birhors versus 54% Kolhas believing forest food alone suffices; both tribes showed 100% alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The study concluded that Birhors face compounded vulnerabilities from extremely traditional beliefs combined with severe resource deprivation, while Kolhas demonstrate gradual modernization with persistent traditional elements, necessitating differentiated intervention strategies for distinct tribal populations. DOI: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/12.2025-13521635
Comparative tribal health, reproductive health, Birhor tribe, Kolha tribe, adolescent health.
Sex Discrimination in India: Causes, Consequences, and Societal Challenges
Sex discrimination in India remains a pervasive social problem deeply rooted in patriarchal structures, cultural traditions, and historical practices. This research examines the multifaceted causes of gender-based discrimination, including son preference, dowry systems, inadequate educational access, and economic disparities. The primary objective is to analyze the prevalence, underlying factors, and societal impacts of sex discrimination across different dimensions of Indian society. Employing a quantitative methodology, this study synthesizes existing statistical data from government sources, national surveys, and demographic reports to understand the scope and severity of gender discrimination. The hypothesis posits that sex discrimination in India is perpetuated by interconnected socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors that systematically disadvantage women and girls. Results indicate alarming trends in sex ratios, educational gaps, workforce participation disparities, and violence against women. The discussion highlights how these discriminatory practices create cyclical patterns of inequality affecting health, economic development, and social progress. The conclusion emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive policy interventions, educational reforms, and cultural transformation to achieve gender equality and sustainable development in India.
Sex discrimination, gender inequality, son preference, women empowerment, India.
Ecofeminism as a Framework: An Appraisal of Gender, Ecology, and Sustainability
Ecofeminism represents a critical theoretical framework that examines the interconnections between the exploitation of nature and the oppression of women within patriarchal systems. This research investigates how ecofeminist principles contribute to sustainable development and environmental conservation, particularly within the Indian context. The study employs a quantitative methodology, analyzing data from 400 respondents across urban and rural areas to assess gender disparities in environmental awareness, resource access, and decision-making participation. The hypothesis posits that ecofeminist frameworks significantly enhance sustainability outcomes by addressing gendered power structures in environmental governance. Results reveal substantial gender gaps in environmental education access (68% male vs 42% female), participation in conservation programs (72% male vs 38% female), and decision-making authority (81% male vs 29% female). Statistical analysis demonstrates strong correlations between gender-inclusive environmental policies and improved sustainability indicators. The findings confirm that integrating ecofeminist perspectives in environmental management enhances both gender equity and ecological outcomes. The study concludes that ecofeminism provides essential insights for developing inclusive, sustainable environmental policies that address the dual crises of ecological degradation and gender inequality.
Ecofeminism, gender equity, environmental sustainability, environmental governance, sustainable development
Financial Cyber-Fraud Tactics Targeting Elderly Victims in Delhi: A Secondary Data Based Sociological Study
The rapid growth of digital financial services has undoubtedly made everyday transactions more convenient and accessible. But this growth has also made older people more likely to fall for cyber-related financial scams. Adopting a sociological perspective, this study explores the nature and impact of financial cyber fraud targeting senior citizens in Delhi, drawing upon empirical research, government records, and policy analyses. The findings reveal that social engineering remains the most common method used to commit such frauds, alongside phishing, vishing, SIM-swap attacks, QR code manipulation, and UPI-based scams. Beyond limited levels of digital literacy, the study identifies age-related factors such as trust, social isolation, and structural inequalities embedded within India’s rapid digitization process as key contributors to seniors’ vulnerability to cyber fraud. The research also highlights significant underreporting of these crimes in Delhi, which can be largely attributed to inconsistent institutional responses and limited awareness of existing reporting mechanisms. Importantly, the consequences of cyber fraud extend well beyond financial loss, leading to reduced digital participation, diminished autonomy, and considerable psychological distress among older victims. The study concludes that age-sensitive interventions are essential to ensure the safe and equitable participation of senior citizens in India’s evolving digital financial ecosystem. Such interventions should include inclusive technology design, targeted digital and financial literacy programs, regulatory reforms, and accessible as well as responsive reporting and redressal mechanisms.
cyber-fraud, victims, financial, digital literacy, social vulnerability.