Sex Discrimination in India: Causes, Consequences, and Societal Challenges

Abstract

Sex discrimination in India remains a pervasive social problem deeply rooted in patriarchal structures, cultural traditions, and historical practices. This research examines the multifaceted causes of gender-based discrimination, including son preference, dowry systems, inadequate educational access, and economic disparities. The primary objective is to analyze the prevalence, underlying factors, and societal impacts of sex discrimination across different dimensions of Indian society. Employing a quantitative methodology, this study synthesizes existing statistical data from government sources, national surveys, and demographic reports to understand the scope and severity of gender discrimination. The hypothesis posits that sex discrimination in India is perpetuated by interconnected socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors that systematically disadvantage women and girls. Results indicate alarming trends in sex ratios, educational gaps, workforce participation disparities, and violence against women. The discussion highlights how these discriminatory practices create cyclical patterns of inequality affecting health, economic development, and social progress. The conclusion emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive policy interventions, educational reforms, and cultural transformation to achieve gender equality and sustainable development in India.